An underground market for unlicensed slimming medications is being driven by social media fitness personalities and sellers on communication apps, according to recent findings.
Retatrutide, which remains in clinical trials, is being advertised by online personalities for its supposed weight-reducing properties. Followers are urged to message these profiles directly for supplier links, while also obtaining promotional offers.
Separately, a robust trade exists on messaging services, where communities with thousands of participants share comparison photos, injection guides and claims of rapid UK delivery. Sellers promote the substance there before redirecting customers to WhatsApp for transactions.
This medication is an experimental injection created by American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly. The treatment affects three intestinal hormones – GLP-1, GIP and glucagon. Early trials suggest it could help individuals reduce up to a quarter of their total weight. Referred to as the “triple G”, the drug is being promoted digitally as the successor to Ozempic.
However, physicians and pharmacists have cautions that the distribution of what is still an unlicensed drug in the UK is worrisome and could result in users injecting products of uncertain source.
Several experts stated the demand for the experimental drug could be connected to the rising price of approved weight loss products such as Mounjaro.
Selling retatrutide on TikTok or messaging apps is illegal in the UK, as it is an unlicensed medication that must not be marketed or supplied for human use under the Human Medicines Regulations 2012.
Some content creators try to circumvent the regulations by referring to the drug as a “research chemical” or describing it as “not for human consumption”. Retatrutide is not a restricted substance, but promotion and supply can still breach pharmaceutical, marketing, and customer regulations, risking fines, prosecution or imprisonment.
Based on the social media company, the platform has taken down problematic content and prohibited associated keywords and search suggestions. The company stated it was dedicated to maintaining the service safe and investing in strengthening compliance measures.
Investigations also discovered groups with up to 9,000 participants selling the experimental drug using Telegram's built-in search feature, which functions like a online catalog. Entering “retatrutide” immediately displays groups with thousands of users, filled with images of weight loss, positive reviews and step-by-step instructions for mixing or administering at residence.
Within moments of entering one community, a vendor shared contact information, where the majority of transactions take place. The seller provided an guidebook and promised shipping within 48 hours. When asked whether the product was authentic, one vendor said: “You can’t be sure.” Another shared a photo of a alleged testing documentation. Not one asked about body mass, medical conditions or past usage.
Within these communities, messages display black plastic parcels with postal service labels, stating to contain new batches. One message read: “It took eight of us to load them this morning.”
Buyers can select between dry substance containers, prepared at residence with purified liquid, or pre-filled injectors typically sold at 160 pounds for 20mg. When questioned how much time a injector should last, vendors give conflicting responses ranging from a several days to “depends on your body”.
A spokesperson for Telegram said it regularly moderated harmful content on its service including material that encouraged the “misuse of controlled medications”. The organization noted that it eliminated “millions of pieces of harmful content each day”.
“People are injecting materials they cannot confirm. Although the science behind retatrutide is valid, these digital products may not contain what they advertise,” said Jason Murphy, the director of pharmaceutical services at Chemist4U.
Dr Crystal Wyllie of Asda Online Doctor connected the increase in demand to recent price rises for authorized slimming medications such as Mounjaro. “With costs increasing, patients are turning to social media. But fake injections are highly dangerous. You can’t be certain what’s inside or whether the conditions they were produced in was clean,” she explained.
Her staff has already encountered individuals injured by personal administration from unconfirmed suppliers. “We understand the frustration, but buying from Telegram or communication platforms is taking chances with your well-being,” stated the doctor. “These substances could be impure or incorrectly dosed.”
A representative from Eli Lilly said the substance was in third stage research studies and had not been reviewed or approved by any regulatory agency anywhere in the world. “Therefore at this point no one can sell [it] for human use,” they explained, noting that any item “misleadingly claiming itself as a company investigational product not yet authorized … may expose users to possibly significant health risks”.
Maya Chen is a digital marketing strategist with over 10 years of experience helping businesses scale through innovative online campaigns.